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Phoenix classifies trader accounts by comparing effective collateral against margin thresholds. As collateral falls, the account moves into progressively more severe risk tiers. Each tier gives the protocol stronger tools to reduce risk.

Risk tiers

TierStatusConditionAction
0Low RiskEffective collateral ≥ initial marginNo immediate action
1At RiskEffective collateral < initial margin and > cancel marginMonitored
2CancellableEffective collateral ≤ cancel margin and > maintenance marginRisk-increasing limit orders can be cancelled
3LiquidatableEffective collateral < maintenance marginPositions are eligible for market liquidation
4BackstopLiquidatableEffective collateral < backstop thresholdBackstop liquidation can transfer distressed risk
5High RiskEffective collateral < high-risk thresholdADL eligible

Liquidation types

Market liquidation

For liquidatable accounts, Phoenix can reduce positions through market execution.
  • executes against available liquidity
  • can be partial
  • must improve trader health or fully close the position
  • respects market liquidation size limits

Backstop liquidation

If market liquidation is not enough, Phoenix can transfer a distressed position to a backstop account.
  • the backstop account absorbs the position
  • the backstop account then unwinds the risk through normal market execution
  • this path is used when orderbook liquidity is insufficient or the account is too distressed for ordinary liquidation

ADL

ADL is the last-resort path.
  • the losing position is matched against a profitable trader on the opposite side
  • the highest-priority profitable trader is selected first
  • the match closes or reduces both sides
  • profitable traders affected by ADL may realize less profit than expected